Environmental health conditions in the transitional stage of forcible displacement: A systematic scoping review

In 2019, 30,000 people were forced to leave their homes due conflict, persecution, and natural disaster each day. Eighty-five percent of refugees live in developing countries, they often face underfunded inadequate environmental health services. Many displaced persons camps other temporary settlements long after the displacement event occurs. However, there is little evidence on conditions transitional phase—defined by United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees as six months two years displacement. To address this gap research, we conducted a systematic scoping review conditions, exposures, outcomes settings, well reported obstacles recommendations improvement. Eighty-eight publications met inclusion criteria. Water supply was most frequently discussed topic. Overcrowding common risk factor reported, Vibrio cholerae pathogen diarrhea commonly outcome. Obstacles categorized institutional, political or implementation-based. Identified knowledge gaps included minimal information setting logistics topics such menstrual hygiene, oral hygiene fomite contamination. order improve all levels government non-governmental organizations should increase collaboration resource provision. This study first report important time transition between emergency protracted stages